Photography



E. W. CLARK.

PHOTOGRAPHY. APPLICATION FILED MAY-26. 1920.

Patented Sept. 19, 1922.

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UNITED STATES EDWIN W. CLARK OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

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Application fled Kay 26, 1920. Serial Io 384,416.

To allwhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWIN W. CLARK, a citizen of theUnited States, and aresident of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented an Improvement in Photography, of which the following is a secification.

his invention relates to photograph and with regard to certain morespe'ci c features,-to' a motion-picture film. This application is acontinuation-in part of my application for patent on photography, SerialNumber 279,085, filed February 25, 1919. l

' The principal object of the present invention is the provision of anew and improved film of standard size, with pictures thereon positionedin standard, direction and of standard spacing. ()ther objects will bein part obvious and in part pointed out hereinafter.

Theinvention accordingly, consists in the 1 features of construction andarrangements of parts which will be exemplified in the structurehereinafter described and the sco e of the, application of which will be'in' icated in the following claims.

In the accompanying drawings, in which is illustrated one of variouspossible embodiments of the invention.

Figure 1 is a face view of a positive film.

Figure 2 is a face view of a negative film.

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation of a preferred form ofprinting apparatus.

Similar reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout theseveral views of the drawings.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 1, there is shown a film P ofstandard size, standard spacing (that is, measuring center to centerlengthwise of the film) of sprocket apertures and standard spacing ofpictures K. The pictures are arranged in standard direction, that isWith the height of the pictures lengthwise of the film; the width of thepictures is preferably substantially equal to the width of standardpictures; the height, due to the ratio of height to width in thepreferred form of negative as hereinafter described is preferablysomewhat less than the height of standard pictures; so that the area ofthe positive pictures is a little less than, but substantially equal to,the area of standard pictures.

"the positive film as indicated in made by The film P is. adapted to beprojected through a standard projector-,the only alteratlon necessarybeing the provision of adequate illumination and magnification and anaperture of proper size. The area of the pro ected picture, however, ispreferably larger than the area of the usual proected p cture as isexplained hereinafter.

The preferred form of sensitized film as shown in Fig. 2, is of standardsize, and is adapted to be so mounted in a camera that the plcture areais substantially twice the area of the ictures P P etc., on the positlvefilm. or this purpose I prefer to employ a camera using standard film N,but taking the pictures N, N, etc., in such manner that their width islengthwise of the film and their height transverse of the film asindicated in Fig. 2, the width being substantially twice the height ofstandard pictures and the height being substantially equal to the widthof standard pictures, so that the picture area on the negative film issubstantially twice the area of standard pictures, and substantiallytwice the area of the pictures P P etc., on the positive film. It

will be seen that in this negative film the spacing of pictures alongthe film is twicev the standard spacing. Using the standard spacing offour sprocket holes per icture in ig. 1, the spacin in the negative filmFig. 2, is shown as eig t sprocket holes per picture. The camera havinga film' feed of eight'sprocket holes and adapted to take picturesarranged as indicated in Fig. 2, may be of any suitable type and is notillustrated herein as.

it forms per se no feature of the present invention.

I prefer to make the positive P from the negative either directly by themethod and apparatus set forth in said application or with additionalsteps of printing. For example, the film of the present invention may beproduced from a negative N by said method or apparatus, or it may beproduced by contact printing from a negative which was produced by saidmethod or apparatus from a positive which in turn was contact printingfrom the negative N taken in the camera.- Said method and apparatus maybe understood, by way of specific example, from the accompanying andobjective 0 where the rays are focused upon the positive film P, theparts being so positioned that the negative film moves in a horizontaldirection at right angles to the plane of the paper at a feed of eightsprocket oles (twice the standard feed), while the.

positive film P moves in a vertical direction parallel to the plane ofthe paper at the standard feed 0' four sprocket holes; and the objectiveis so located as to form the positive image on an area substantiallyequal to (in this instance eight-ninths of) the area of standardpictures, and substantially one-half (in this instance four-ninths) thearea of the pictures on the' negative film N.

The positive film is thus, preferably, made from a negative containingpictures of about twice the area of the positive pictures. From this itfollows that the characters on the positive pictures will be "smallerthan they are on the negative.

In projecting the (positive) film of the present invention onto ascreemin order that the characters may be of usual height, themagnification should be such that the projected picture has about twicethe usual area, which means that the screen should have about twice theusual area.

The film of the present invention differs from prior art filmphotographed with a camera having a lens of the same focal length. Forexample, the .pictures on the former, if photographed from the sameview-point as the latterpictures, embrace a greater angle of view. Inthe embodiment herein illustrated the negative pictures N N etc., arehalf again. the width of height of .the negative pictures standardnegative ictures, so that the horizontal ,angle em raced by the formerper cent greater than with the latter.

imilarly the one-third reater 1 N2 etc., as compared 'with' standardnegative pictures, means that the former embrace a vertical ang eone-third greater than is embraced by standard negative pictures. Again,if the pictures of the present invention and standard pictures are takenfrom such view-points that the width of field (at the plane of action)in both positives is the same, the camera used for the former is closer(in this instance one-third closer) to the plane of action than thecamera used for the latter; and this closer proximity of the camera tothe plane 'of action produces, in scenes havingany depth whatever, agreater width of vision in the background, a lesswidth of vision in theforeground, and a greater fore-shortening or perspective, and

to the spectator a sense of being. nearer Thus the pictures to the planeof action. on film of the present invention have greater contents thanpictures taken in the standard way.

The term plane of action is used herein as indicating the plane,perpendicular to the optical axis, in which the principal action takesplace, or would takeplace. The term foreground indicates the spacebetween the camera and the plane of action. By background is meant thespace behind the plane of action. 1

In view of the above, it will .be seen that the several objects of theinvention are achieved and other advantageous results obtained. I

As various possible embodiments might be made of the above invention andas various changes might be made in the embodiments above set forth, itis to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in theaccompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in alimiting sense.

I claim: I

1. A moving-picture film of standard size, standard picture spacing, andstandard arrangement of pictures, having pictures thereon ofsubstantially standard area; said pictures having. been taken closer tothe plane of principal action and having greater width of said plane,than pictures taken of the same subject in the standard way and using alens of the samefocal length.

2. A moving'picture film of standard size, standard-picture spacing, andstandard arrangement of pictures, having pictures thereon ofsubstantially standard size; said pictures having greatercontents thanpictures taken of the same subject in the standard Way and using a lensof the same focal length.

3. A moving-picture film of standard size, standard picture spacing, andstandard arrangement of pictures, having pictures thereon ofsubstantially standard size; said pictures having substantially twicethe contents of pictures taken from the same viewpoint, or way and usinga lens of the same focal length. I

4. A moving-picture film of standard size, standard. picture spacing,and standard arrangement of pictures, having pictures thereon ofsubstantially standard size; said pictures havingsubstantially halfagain the width of field {at the plane of principal action,-as comparedwith pictures taken from the same view-point, of the same subject. inthe standard wav and using a lens of the same focallength.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification this22nd day of May, 19%.

IN WI CLARK.

thesame subject, in the standard.

